What is Pegasus Spyware?

Many tech experts describe it as one of the most powerful pieces of spyware ever developed, but what is Pegasus spyware, and where did it come from? Pegasus is a sophisticated software capable of infiltrating smartphones and extracting vast amounts of sensitive information without the user’s knowledge. Its creators claim it was designed to combat crime and terrorism, but since its development its use for targeting journalists, activists and political figures has sparked global outrage from human rights groups such as Amnesty International.

Let’s take a look at its origins, its uses, and why the Pegasus spyware’s capabilities make it such a controversial piece of software.

Origins and development of Pegasus spyware

The earliest form of Pegasus spyware was identified in 2016. Here’s how it was created.

The NSO Group and its mission

The NSO Group, an Israeli cyber-arms company, developed Pegasus spyware in the early 2010s. The company markets itself as a provider of tools for governments and law enforcement agencies, claiming its technology is intended to fight crime, including anti-terrorism. According to the NSO Group, Pegasus was sold exclusively to vetted government clients under strict agreements to prevent misuse. Pegasus is the most famous NSO Group spyware, but not necessarily for the right reasons.

Initial deployment and intended use

Pegasus was initially deployed as a cutting-edge surveillance tool. Its capabilities allowed authorized agencies to intercept communications between suspects in an attempt to prevent criminal activity. Unlike traditional wiretapping, Pegasus was able to bypass encryption and access sensitive data directly from individuals’ devices, providing governments with unprecedented surveillance power. However, the Pegasus spyware capabilities soon raised concerns about the potential for abuse, with critics arguing that the spyware could easily be weaponized against dissidents and used to stifle free speech.

Technical capabilities of Pegasus spyware

Pegasus spyware is renowned for its sophisticated design and virtually undetectable operation. It can exploit vulnerabilities in both Android and iOS devices, granting attackers full access to a target’s smartphone and all of the information it holds.

Zero-click exploits

The standout feature of Pegasus is its use of zero-click exploits, which allow it to infect devices without any action from the target. Most forms of malware require the user to download a file or at least click a link in order to be installed on a device – but Pegasus is able to infiltrate a device via vulnerabilities in messaging apps, such as WhatsApp or iMessage.

Once deployed, Pegasus is extremely covert, leaving almost no traces on the infected device. It was initially thought that Pegasus left no evidence at all, but Amnesty International has publicly shared its methodology for detecting Pegasus on Android and iOS devices.

Data extraction and monitoring

Pegasus grants attackers nearly unlimited access to an infected device. Its capabilities include:

• Accessing calls and messages, even those that have been encrypted, and being able to track communications across platforms.
• Remotely activating microphones and cameras, effectively turning a smartphone into a surveillance device.
• Monitoring GPS data to follow a target’s location in real time.
• Harvesting any stored data, such as photos, videos, emails, contacts and browsing history.

Notable incidents involving Pegasus spyware

Pegasus has been linked to numerous high-profile incidents highlighting its misuse.

Surveillance of journalists and activists

In 2021, in an operation known as Project Pegasus, a months-long investigation led by dozens of news organizations revealed that Pegasus had been used to monitor journalists, activists, and human rights defenders worldwide. A list was uncovered of over 50,000 phone numbers potentially being targeted by Pegasus spyware. This widespread surveillance sparked understandable outrage among civil rights organizations, as it highlighted the ways in which Pegasus can be used as a tool to violate freedom of speech.

Political espionage allegations

As part of this report it was revealed that several world leaders were potentially being spied on through Pegasus spyware, including French President Emmanuel Macron and members of his government. This revelation and the political tension that followed underscored Pegasus’ ability to disrupt democratic processes and international relations.

Legal and ethical implications

As you can imagine, Pegasus has faced substantial legal scrutiny.

Legal action and investigations

There is currently an ongoing legal battle between the NSO Group and Meta, over the NSO Group exploiting vulnerabilities in platforms such as WhatsApp to deploy the Pegasus spyware. The initial lawsuit was filed in October 2019, but details have come to light as recently as this year that suggests the Israeli authorities have seized documents in an attempt to frustrate the case, and prevent the NSO Group’s activities from being revealed.

As of 2021, the NSO Group has been placed on a trade blacklist, restricting its ability to do business with US companies, in regards to Pegasus or any other NSO Group spyware. 

Human rights concerns

Pegasus raises profound ethical concerns. Human rights organizations argue that the spyware undermines fundamental freedoms such as privacy, free expression and the right to dissent. The ethical debate centers on whether such a powerful surveillance tool can ever be adequately regulated to prevent abuse. 

Protecting against advanced spyware threats

Pegasus is an example of a highly advanced form of spyware. While being able to protect against Pegasus spyware might seem like an intimidating task, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their risk of their devices being unknowingly infected. 

Regular software updates

Keeping your operating system and apps updated is one of the most effective defenses against all forms of malware. Security patches often address vulnerabilities that spyware, such as Pegasus, exploits. Enable automatic updates on your smartphone and computer to ensure you’re always protected.

Use of security tools

Make use of reputable antivirus or anti-spyware software to detect and block any potential threats before they have the chance to do harm. While advanced spyware such as Pegasus might be able to evade detection by the average Joe, basic protections will still be able to defend against the majority of cyber threats.

Awareness and vigilance

Be cautious of any suspicious messages, links or calls you receive, as phishing remains one of the most common methods of delivering spyware. Additionally, stay informed about emerging threats and best practices for device security. 

Clip spyware’s wings

While the average person might not have much to fear from Pegasus, it’s a chilling reminder of the potential dangers posed by advanced surveillance technology. While its origins may be rooted in a desire to fight crime, it’s easy to see how a tool such as Pegasus could be used in ways that challenge privacy and human rights.
To protect yourself from all forms of malware, expand your knowledge on the different forms that cyber threats can take, and reach out to experts such as the ones at SUPERAntiSpyware for tech support for safeguarding your digital life.