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Effective Strategies to Prevent Spyware

Computer spyware malware

How to Prevent Spyware

With the amount of mics, cameras, and keyboards we surround ourselves with on a daily basis, why wouldn’t you be interested in how to prevent spyware from turning your devices into reconnaissance tools? It’s one thing to joke about the FBI watching us through our webcams, it’s another to know that the presence of spyware could mean everything you type is being transmitted straight to an opportunistic cybercriminal. 

Spyware is capable of compromising your personal information, stealing sensitive data, and even remotely controlling your device. By arming yourself with the right knowledge and tools, you can protect yourself from the consequences of this particularly unsettling form of cyberattack. Enjoy spyware prevention tips straight from the experts at SUPERAntiSpyware.

Understanding spyware and its risks

You can’t protect against spyware without knowing what it is. Unlike many viruses, spyware isn’t necessarily destructive – it’s designed to be sneaky, operating in the background and going undetected while it collects your data. 

What is spyware?

Spyware is malicious software designed to infiltrate your device – be it a computer, smartphone, or other IoT products – monitor your activities and steal data without your knowledge or consent. It can record keystrokes, track your location through GPS, and gather sensitive information such as passwords, credit card details, and even private conversations. Once this data is collected, it’s often transmitted back to the cybercriminals behind the spyware, putting your privacy and security at risk. This data is occasionally sold on to third parties.

Common types of spyware

  • Adware – tracks your online activities to deliver targeted advertisements. While not always harmful, adware can degrade the performance of your device and serve as a gateway for more dangerous spyware.
  • Keyloggers –  Keyloggers record your keystrokes to capture sensitive information such as login credentials and financial details.
  • Trojans – like the wooden horse from Greek mythology, trojan viruses often disguise themselves as legitimate software in order to gain access to your device. Once in place, they can then install spyware.
  • Cookies – while not inherently malicious, some cookies are used for extensive data collection, infringing on your privacy.
  • Monitoring software – can be installed without consent to track phone calls, messages, and even GPS locations.

Best practices for how to prevent spyware infections

Preventing any kind of virus requires a proactive approach to cybersecurity. Here are some spyware prevention tips to help ensure that cybercriminals don’t gain access to your sensitive data.

Install and maintain reputable anti-spyware software

The first line of defense against spyware is reliable security software.. Comprehensive anti-spyware software such as ours can do everything from regularly clearing your cookies to identifying, blocking and alerting you to spyware before it even has the chance to infiltrate your computer.

Keep your operating systems and applications up to date

Updates can often be seen as time-consuming tasks that you want to put off for as long as possible, but they can be vital for maintaining security. Outdated software often contains vulnerabilities that cybercriminals can exploit in order to install spyware. Keeping your operating systems and apps up to date ensures you’re protected by the latest security patches. If you struggle with remembering to update them yourself, enable automatic updates.

Be cautious with email attachments and other downloads

Phishing emails are the most common delivery methods for spyware and other forms of malware. It’s easy for emails to include malicious links designed to trick users into downloading spyware, and cybercriminals are becoming more adept at making these messages look legitimate. Be wary of any emails from an unknown sender, especially those urging you to open attachments or click on links. Email filters will send lots of phishing attempts to your spam folder, but some will always slip through – so stay vigilant.

Use pop-up blockers

Pop-ups can be more than just annoying – they’re often used to distribute spyware. Clicking on a malicious pop-up can initiate a download without your consent. Most browsers have built-in pop-up blockers, and most anti-spyware software will include this feature as well. 

Regularly review and manage your browser settings

Your browser can be like an open door for spyware if not properly configured. Regularly reviewing your browser settings can help to minimize the risks. Disable any unnecessary extensions, as these can sometimes carry spyware, and clear your cookies and browsing history regularly to prevent any unauthorized tracking.

Recognizing the signs of spyware infection

Even with the proper precautions to protect against spyware, it’s possible that something can slip through your security net. Knowing how to recognize an infection is critical to mitigating damage.

Decreased device performance

One of the earliest signs of spyware is a noticeable slowdown in your device’s performance. Spyware consumes resources, leading to lag and frequent crashes. Keep an eye out for your device becoming sluggish without an obvious cause – it’s possible spyware could be the culprit.

Pop-ups and browser redirects

Spyware often causes an influx of pop-ups, or redirects your browser to unfamiliar websites. This is a common tactic used by adware to generate revenue through clicks. If you have pop-ups appearing even when you’re not actively browsing, or your homepage seems to change without your consent or input, it might be down to spyware.

Increased data usage

Spyware will take the data it steals and transmit it back to its creators, which can result in unexplained spikes in your data usage. Monitor your monthly data usage through your device settings – this way, if there are any anomalies, you’ll be able to spot them.

Steps to take if you suspect a spyware infection

If you believe your device might be infected, take action as soon as you can.

Run a scan

Start by running a scan with your anti-spyware software of choice. Most modern security programs will detect and quarantine spyware automatically, but performing a full system scan can ensure that no malicious files are overlooked.

Update your software

Make sure that all of your software is up to date – this includes apps, your operating system and any security tools you use. This will ensure that you have the protection of all of the latest security patches. Continuing to run outdated software after a suspected infection can increase the likelihood of further attacks. 

Secure your accounts

If your device has been compromised it’s important to treat all of your accounts as having been put at risk. Change passwords for any critical accounts, such as your emails and any financial platforms, and enable two-factor authentication (2FA) where possible.

Shut down spies

Spyware might be persistent, but with vigilance, an understanding of how to prevent spyware from gaining access to your devices, and the right tools, you can protect your personal information. If you’re looking for software to keep your devices safe, consider our anti-spyware tool.

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Computer Viruses: What Are They?

What is a computer virus, and how does it work?

What Are Computer Viruses & What Damage Do They Cause?

Computer viruses have been crawling around the internet for decades, continually evolving and adapting to creep their way past the latest security measures. If you’re lucky enough to have never encountered a computer virus (or even if you have), you might not understand exactly what they are or how they work. Let’s take a look at what exactly computer viruses are, the different types of computer viruses, how they can affect your computer and how they spread.

What are computer viruses?

A computer virus is a type of malicious software, also known as malware, that – similarly to a biological virus – infects and replicates itself on a host system. Viruses can cause damage to files, programs, and the overall functionality of your computer. Once installed, a virus can spread itself to other files or even to other systems, depending on its capabilities. Viruses are often hidden within legitimate files or programs, making them difficult for users to detect without the help of antivirus software – or prior experience with the damage they cause.

How do computer viruses work?

Similarly to biological viruses, computer viruses need some sort of human intervention in order to spread – they can’t get into your devices on their own. This commonly happens when an infected file is opened or downloaded. Once triggered, the virus will begin to execute its code, embedding itself in other files, programs, or areas of the system. This process allows the virus to spread from one file to another – it could also spread to other computers, by sending compromised emails and messages to your friends, family or colleagues.

Viruses can be everything from a simple annoyance to a cause of major, sometimes irreparable damage. They impact individuals, organizations, and even infrastructure.

Types of computer viruses

Different types of computer viruses can operate in different ways. Let’s take a look at some of the different viruses you might encounter, and the range of damage they can cause.

Boot sector viruses

A boot sector virus targets the master boot record (MBR) of a hard drive or removable storage (such as an external hard drive). The MBR is crucial because it’s the part of the drive that allows the operating system to load. In this way, a boot sector virus can prevent a computer from starting correctly – or, at all.

In the past, boot sector viruses were spread through floppy disks, but today they can be transferred via USB. They have become less common as technology has advanced, but can still pose a serious threat because of the way in which they attack the start-up functions of a computer – this makes them harder to remove.

File infector viruses

As the name suggests, file infector viruses attach themselves to files. Every time the infected file is opened, the virus is activated. This type of virus can corrupt and damage files, resulting in data loss that can range from frustrating to catastrophic. Recovery might only be possible through professional intervention.

Macro viruses

Macro viruses target files created in applications that use macros – like Microsoft Word or Excel. The virus spreads by embedding malicious code within these files, which is then activated when the file is opened. The virus can then send itself to other systems via email, making it particularly dangerous to corporate email systems. 

How do computer viruses spread?

We’ve already mentioned some of the ways in which viruses can spread and replicate themselves – but here are the ways in which the average user is most likely to come across a virus.

Email attachments and links

One of the most common ways viruses spread is through email attachments or links. A user might receive an email that appears legitimate, prompting them to open an attached file or click on a link. The attachment might look innocent – an invoice, a document, or even a message from a friend. However, once opened, the attachment or link will activate the virus.

Phishing schemes use this approach with great success. These schemes are specifically engineered to trick users into downloading malware, and their levels of deception are growing more advanced as time goes by. 

Downloading infected software

Infected downloads are another popular method of spreading viruses. Users might unknowingly download a virus along with software or files – this commonly happens with sites offering free or pirated media. Sometimes, even legitimate-looking websites can host infected files, especially if they don’t vet user-uploaded content or ads.

Hackers are smart, and will do everything they can to make their offerings appear legitimate and enticing. This includes mimicking popular software.

Removable media

We’ve already mentioned how floppy disks and USB drives can be used to carry viruses between systems. While this might seem like a dated approach to some users, removable media is still widely used in certain industries, and if these devices aren’t properly scanned they can introduce malware to secure networks, potentially leading to serious security breaches.

What damage can computer viruses cause?

We’ve mentioned how computer virus damage can range from irritating to irreparable, but what exactly does that mean for users? 

Data corruption and loss

One of the most damaging effects of a computer virus is data corruption or loss. Some viruses are designed to delete, modify or corrupt computer files, causing irreversible damage. In worst-case scenarios, entire hard drives can be wiped or overwritten, leaving users with no way to recover their data.

In ransomware attacks, viruses encrypt files on the infected system and demand a ransom for the decryption key. If the ransom isn’t paid, the user may lose access to their files permanently, often leading to significant personal or financial losses.

System performance issues

While at work on your computer, viruses consume system resources. This can slow performance, causing programs to freeze or crash, and potentially rendering the computer unusable. 

Security breaches

Some viruses are specifically designed for spying and theft, resulting in serious security breaches. Once on a system, these viruses may monitor keystrokes, capture screenshots, or access files to steal sensitive information such as login details or financial data. This stolen information might then be sold on, used in identity theft schemes, or as part of corporate espionage.

Stay informed, not infected

Prevention is always better than the cure when it comes to viruses – this is why understanding how the different types of computer viruses work and spread is crucial to keeping your data and personal information safe. By staying informed and vigilant, you can reduce the risk of falling victim to viruses looking to worm their way into your devices. Using antivirus software such as SUPERAntiSpyware can help to bolster your defenses and share the responsibility of keeping you safe.

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Computer Virus Protection – Essential Tips

Scan your computer to protect yourself from viruses

How to Prevent Viruses on Your Computer

The internet is full of malware-laden pitfalls – as fast as cybersecurity can evolve, hackers are continuing to create new threats to challenge them. While this battle will likely be ongoing for as long as the internet exists, it’s the role of antivirus software providers such as ourselves to keep users up to date with the latest virus protection tips. While antivirus software is a critical part of your defense, keeping your computer virus-free requires a proactive, comprehensive approach. In this guide, we’ll cover essential tips for preventing viruses from infecting your computer, and ways to maintain a secure, efficient and virus-free system when using your computer for work, personal projects or day to day browsing.

Installing antivirus software

A reliable antivirus software should be your first line of defense against viruses and malware. These programs are designed to recognize, alert you to, and deal with any suspicious activity on your computer. Installing a reputable antivirus program will ensure that any suspicious files, unusual activity or dangerous downloads are flagged and reported to you, keeping you on top of potential threats, sometimes before they even have a chance to occur.

Keeping your antivirus up to date

It’s essential that you keep your antivirus software up to date. In the same way that new malware is created every day, antivirus companies will frequently release updates to address these new threats. Missing an update might not feel like a big deal, but it could leave you exposed and vulnerable – simply having the software installed is not enough.

To ensure your software stays current, you can:

  • Enable automatic updates to make sure you always have the latest version of your antivirus software live and running.
  • Check for manual updates, particularly when you hear of any new viruses or if your computer appears to be acting strangely.

Regular software and OS updates

Beyond your antivirus defenses, staying on top of your operating system updates will also help to patch any holes in your security. Each update will address any new vulnerabilities discovered by developers and security updates – ignoring these updates, even in the name of saving time or storage, can leave you with weaknesses that hackers won’t hesitate to exploit.

Patching security flaws

Patching is the process of updating software to fix security vulnerabilities, address bugs, and tackle any other issues that could impact software performance or user safety. A patch is a small piece of code released by the developer that repairs these weaknesses, like patching a leak in a boat.

Your operating system, browser, and other apps should alert you when there are updates and patches that need to be addressed, but it doesn’t hurt to check for these manually to stay on top of things.

Enabling automatic updates

Similarly to your antivirus software, it is often possible to enable automatic updates, ensuring that your computer is always equipped with the latest defenses.

Safe browsing practices

Good browsing habits are also a key element of virus prevention. Compromised websites, pop-ups, phishing emails and deceptive ads are some of the main ways in which malware spreads, luring unsuspecting users in and convincing them to download harmful files. By practicing safe browsing, you reduce your chance of falling foul of viruses.

Avoid suspicious websites

There are thought to be roughly 2 billion websites online in 2024. That’s a lot of potential places to pick up a virus. Sites offering pirated software, movies, and other downloads are some of the most common culprits. To avoid picking up a virus while browsing online, you should follow these tips:

  • Use a reputable search engine, as these will often flag harmful sites for you.
  • Check the URL of every site that you visit – if the URL begins with “https://” it means that the site is encrypted and secure.
  • Don’t let your curiosity get the better of you and avoid clicking on any suspicious links.

Use pop-up blockers

Most browsers have some form of pop-up blocker you can activate to stop these annoying and potentially dangerous ads from gracing your screen, and we would highly recommend activating one if you can. Malicious pop-ups are often designed to look as though they come from a reputable source, tricking the unsuspecting users into clicking on them and exposing themselves to malware.

Email and download safety

Many aspects of email safety may sound like simple common sense, but you would be surprised by how many users are caught out by the sophistication of the emails that hackers now use to spread viruses. Exercising caution with emails and downloads is essential to keeping your computer safe.

Be wary of email attachments

Cybercriminals use phishing emails to trick users into downloading malware. These emails may appear to come from legitimate, familiar organizations, or even family and friends. To stay safe, don’t open any unexpected email attachments, even if it appears to be from an entity you know and trust – try to verify what has been sent with the sender where possible.

Many of these phishing attempts fall down in their spelling and grammar, and the unusual nature of their requests. They will also likely try to create a sense of urgency, wanting you to open whatever attachment they have sent before you’ve had a chance to thoroughly vet their email. This is why it’s important to read all online correspondence carefully.

Download only from trusted sources

Downloading files from unofficial sources is a common way for viruses to spread. To avoid accidentally downloading malware, you should:

  • Stick to official websites and app stores where possible.
  • Read reviews and ratings before downloading anything.
  • Look for some kind of verification that what you’re downloading is legit.
  • Don’t accept unusual downloads – for example, if your bank usually corresponds through the mail, be suspicious of any emails suddenly offering you downloads.

Stay vigilant and virus-free

There’s no single answer for how to prevent viruses on your computer – it requires a multi-faceted approach. Installing a good antivirus software and keeping it updated is essential, but it’s only one part of a well-rounded defense. Regular updates for your operating system and other software, coupled with safe browsing and cautious email practices will help to shield your system from threats.

If you’re looking for the right antivirus scanner and software to support your online activities, consider SUPERAntiSpyware.

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How to Remove Computer Viruses

Computer virus removal - how to remove computer viruses

How to Remove Viruses from Your Computer

Almost everyone who owns a computer is likely to run into trouble with viruses sooner or later – in 2023 alone, there were more than 6 billion malware attacks worldwide. Viruses and other types of malware can wreak havoc on computers, causing anything from minor inconveniences to severe data breaches, and even disrupting global organizations and infrastructure. While modern operating systems have improved on their defenses as time has gone by, viruses are also continuing to evolve. In this guide, we’ll cover how to recognize virus red flags, how to remove viruses from your computer, and ways to keep your system safe from future infections.

Identifying the signs of a virus infection

Before we explain the virus removal steps, let’s look at the symptoms of a computer virus. Knowing the warning signs can help you to catch a virus early, preventing it from causing unchecked damage to your computer and data. Malware is designed to operate covertly, but here are the things that could signal their presence.

Unexplained system behavior

An unexpected deterioration in the performance of your computer should always be a red flag. If it’s slower than it should be, freezing frequently, or crashing for no identifiable reason, it might be the work of a virus. This happens because malware often consumes a lot of your computer’s processing power.

Viruses can also affect your system settings. If you notice changes to your desktop background, unfamiliar icons, or your web browsing suddenly displaying a different homepage or new toolbars, it could be a sign that malicious software has modified your settings without your permission or knowledge.

Unusual pop-ups

A classic sign of a computer virus is an unexpected influx of pop-ups. More than just an annoyance, these pop-ups will often pose as antivirus tools themselves in an attempt to get you to click on them. By doing this they can lure unsuspecting users into downloading more malware, or disclosing personal information. Always treat any unfamiliar pop-ups suspiciously, and avoid clicking on any links or following their instructions.

Step-by-step virus removal process

If the warning signs above sound suspiciously familiar to you and you suspect your computer has a virus, taking immediate action is crucial. The following steps will help you remove viruses and any other malware that may be hiding on your system.

Enter safe mode

The first step in the virus removal process is to put your computer into safe mode. Safe mode is a diagnostic mode that limits your computer to running only essential programs and services, making it harder for viruses to operate and limiting the damage they can cause. By reducing background processes, safe mode also makes it easier to identify and remove viruses. The way you enter safe mode will differ depending on your operating system:

  • Windows: Restart your computer and press either the F8 or F11 key as it boots up.
  • Mac: Restart your computer and hold down the Shift key as it turns back on.

Run a full antivirus scan

Once you’re in safe mode, carry out your chosen form of antivirus scanning. Running a full scan ensures that your antivirus software can comb through your entire system to locate any threats. If you don’t have an antivirus program installed, find one that’s reputable and install it right away. A full system scan may take some time, so be prepared to wait.

Delete temporary files

Many viruses hide in the temporary files created by browsers, operating systems, or third-party apps, so cleaning these out is an essential but often-overlooked part of the removal process. Wait until your scan has completed before doing this – deleting files while the scan is running might disrupt the process and prevent it from being effective.

Quarantine and remove any threats

Once the scan is complete, it will generate a report for you to read. Your antivirus software will categorize threats based on their severity and recommend a course of action for each one. For files that can’t be safely deleted, your antivirus program will usually provide an option to quarantine them. This isolates any infected files, keeping them on your computer but preventing them from causing any harm.

For most threats, the best course of action is to delete them. Follow your antivirus software’s recommendations to remove the harmful files. Once you’ve done this, it’s a good idea to restart your computer and run another scan to make sure the virus has been fully removed.

Protecting your computer from future viruses

Here are some further computer virus protection tips we would recommend you follow.

Keep your software updated

A simple way to give yourself the best chance of avoiding viruses is to keep all of your computer software updated. Operating systems, antivirus software, and any apps you use will all receive regular updates that include vital security patches and improvements designed to block the latest threats.

If you struggle with remembering to check for updates, it’s usually possible to enable automatic updates. This way, your software will stay current without requiring any extra effort on your part.

Avoid unverified downloads

The internet is full of enticing downloads, from exciting new software to interesting-looking files. Unfortunately there are often viruses nestled among these dazzling distractions. Avoid downloading software or files from sites you don’t trust, and never open attachments from unknown senders. Stick to official websites app stores for any software you need, and question any email attachments you receive unexpectedly, even those from trusted sources – they might have been compromised.

Run regular scans

Even if you do everything right, there’s nothing that can make you one hundred percent immune to every possible threat. That’s why running regular scans is so important to maintaining the health of your computer. These scans can be scheduled to run automatically and send you periodic reports, so they won’t interrupt your regular computer usage. This proactive approach will help you to nip any viruses in the bud, before they have a chance to cause damage.

Show viruses the door

With the antivirus software available today, running into trouble with computer viruses doesn’t need to be a death sentence for your computer, or mean irreparable damage to your data. Being able to recognize the warning signs and follow the above steps puts you in the best position possible to handle malware in its many shapes and forms.

Your antivirus software is your best line of defense against malware – so choose it wisely, keep it updated, and scan regularly. For software that secures your peace of mind as well as your system, think SUPERAntiSpyware.

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How to Scan Your Computer for Viruses

How to scan your computer for computer viruses

How to Scan Your Computer for Viruses

It’s often said that a poor workman blames his tools – but, when it comes to computers, the tools with which we manage so many aspects of daily life, maintaining their health is of the utmost importance. Viruses and other types of malware are constantly seeking to sneak into our systems in the hopes of stealing sensitive information, slowing down performance, and sometimes even causing irreparable damage. This guide will walk you through recognizing the signs of a computer virus and how to run the scans that can confirm your suspicions.

Signs your computer may have a virus

One of the most challenging aspects of computer viruses  is the fact that they can so often go unnoticed. Working in the background, quietly wreaking havoc, viruses and malware can lurk on your device while you go about your day to day tasks. Things you might brush off as annoying but benign occurrences – crashes, lag, pop-ups – can actually be the symptoms of a computer virus. This is why it’s important to recognize the signs.

Slow performance and frequent crashes

One of the first signs of a potential infection is a sudden drop in your computer’s performance. Viruses use up valuable resources such as memory and processing power, sapping the energy usually devoted to other programs and processes. If your computer starts to feel sluggish, freezes unexpectedly, or crashes without warning, this could indicate that it has been infected with a virus. If any of these issues start to occur for no apparent reason, it’s worth further investigation.

Unexpected pop-ups and redirects

Pop-up ads are a familiar nuisance; but a sudden surge of them, especially if they appear when you’re not actively browsing the web, should be seen as a major red flag. Some types of malware specifically trigger pop-ups or redirect you to suspicious websites in order to trick you into downloading them. Any time your browser opens a new tab unexpectedly, or repeatedly directs you to new sites you didn’t intend to visit, it’s a good chance that some sort of virus might be at work.

How to scan for viruses

You’ve recognized the warning signs – now comes the time to either confirm your fears, or provide yourself with peace of mind. During a scan, your device will be checked thoroughly for any potential harmful software – system files, programs, downloads, and other such components will be searched for any signs of malicious activity. Here’s how it’s done.

Step 1 – Install a reputable antivirus software

If you don’t already have one, your first step is to find yourself a reliable antivirus program. Not all antivirus software is created equal, so look for one that’s highly rated by experts and offers regular updates to combat ever-evolving online threats. The best antivirus software typically provides a comprehensive defense, scanning for viruses, malware, spyware, and other forms of malicious software.

Step 2 – Run a full system scan

Once your chosen software is installed, you’ll want to run a full system virus scan. A full scan sweeps every corner of your computer, ensuring that no stone is left unturned in their search for any malicious software. Full scans can take a while, potentially even hours, depending on your computer’s size and power, but they’re worth the time investment, especially if you have never scanned your computer before. 

Step 3 – Check scan reports and take action

Most antivirus software will provide you with virus scan reports once the scan is complete. This report will list any detected threats and provide you with options for how to handle them. They might even provide a list of potential vulnerabilities, allowing you to stop viruses from gaining access to your system in the first place. If your scan does find any existing threats, you’ll usually be given options along the lines of quarantining, deleting, or ignoring them. Quarantining a virus isolates it, preventing it from causing further harm, and deleting it removes it from your computer. Always take actions on any flagged items, and don’t ignore alerts unless you’re absolutely sure the file is safe.

The different types of scan

Most software will provide you with a few different options for what kind of scan you want to run. Each scan has its strengths, and some are more applicable than others depending on the situation.

Quick scans vs full scans

The shorter alternative to a full system virus scan, a quick scan will check the most common areas where malware can be found, such as system memory, startup files and download folders. Quick scans are ideal for routine check-ups, but aren’t as thorough as full scans. 

Custom scans

If there’s a particular area of your computer that’s causing you concern, or if you want to isolate a scan to a specific folder or external drive, you can often customize your scans to accommodate this. Because the scan will only be aimed at a precise location, it will take less computing power and often be quicker than a full scan.

Best practices for regular virus scanning

Knowing how to scan your computer for viruses is one thing – doing it on a regular basis is a habit you have to develop. Here are some of the best practices for keeping your computer virus-free.

Schedule regular scans

Setting up scheduled virus scans is a great way to alleviate the pressure of having to remember to run regular manual scans. Scheduling ensures that scans happen automatically, and can be set to run at times when you won’t be using your computer, so you’re not sitting around waiting for a scan to finish when you could be doing other things. A popular option is to schedule a quick scan once a day, and a weekly full system virus scan.

Keep your antivirus software updated

Your antivirus software is only as effective as its latest update. New viruses are created on a daily basis, often built specifically to combat the latest antivirus defense, so it’s important that antivirus providers regularly update and patch their programs with the latest improvements. Regularly checking your software for the latest update is as important as running regular scans. 

Plan your scans with SUPERAntiSpyware

To summarize:

  • There are lots of places for viruses to hide within the confines of your computer, and learning to recognize the warning signs can give you a valuable heads up.
  • Using antivirus software to run scans will enable you to detect any viruses or malware lurking undetected in your device.
  • Utilize both full system virus scans and quick scans.
  • Running scheduled virus scans can help to ensure round the clock protection, even for the forgetful among us.
  • Software updates keep you safe from the latest threats.

Protecting your computer doesn’t need to be difficult or confusing – with the right tools, it’s actually pretty straightforward. Get in touch with us today to find out more about our anti spyware products.

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Worm vs Trojan: Differences & Protection

Computer Worm and Computer Trojan Differences and Similarities

Worms vs Trojan Horse Viruses: Key Differences, How They Spread, and How to Stay Protected

Of all the malware lying in wait to infect unsuspecting devices, Trojan horses and worms are some of the more common and well known. These terms are often used interchangeably, but Trojans and worms each have unique characteristics and behaviors. Let’s break down some of the differences so you can understand how a worm is different from a Trojan and explore how they spread, attack, and – most importantly – how to prevent them. 

What is a computer worm?

A computer worm is a self-replicating malware program that spreads through networks without the need for a host file. It worms its way into systems, exploiting vulnerabilities in systems and propagating independently, often infecting a large number of devices around a network. Unlike other types of malware, worms don’t rely on user interaction or even a host file in order to be able to spread and replicate themselves.

Their key characteristics are the fact that they are self-replicating and don’t need a host.

Worm behavior and consequences

  • Slowing down systems and consuming bandwidth
  • Exploiting system vulnerabilities and installing additional malware
  • Deleting or corrupting files and disrupting normal operations
  • Infecting other systems on the same network
  • Allowing cybercriminals to gain access to sensitive information

What is a Trojan horse virus?

A Trojan horse virus is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software in order to trick people into downloading or installing it. The concept is based on the myth of the Greek soldiers using a giant wooden horse to sneak into the city of Troy during the Trojan War. Worms are a subset of Trojan horse; unlike worms, Trojans can’t replicate on their own. They can, however, open backdoors that allow unauthorized access to perform malicious tasks.

Their key characteristics are that they need help to spread, and disguise themselves as legitimate software.

Trojan behavior and consequences

  • Deceiving users into installing or downloading them
  • Stealing sensitive information, such as passwords and financial information
  • Creating backdoors to allow future access to the device, compromising system control
  • Installing additional malware to perform harmful actions and deleting files

Worms vs Trojan horses – the key differences

WormsTrojans
Replication: Self-replicate independently.Replication: Do not self-replicate.
Host requirement: No host needed, can survive independently in a network.Host requirement: Needs a host program to execute.
Spread mechanism: Spread via network vulnerabilities.Spread mechanism: Spread through trickery and deception through software.
User interaction: Can spread without user action.User interaction: Relies on user action to activate.
Autonomy: Can spread autonomously.Autonomy: Cannot spread autonomously.
Primary function: To replicate and infect other systems.Primary function: To provide backdoor access.
Damage potential: Slows down networks and spreads other malware.Damage potential: Often focused on data theft or remote control.
Network impact: Can overwhelm entire networks.Network impact: Targets individual machines and devices.
Control and access: Can open systems to external attacks.Control and access: Creates backdoors for attackers.
Example: The ILOVEYOU Worm.Example: The Zeus Trojan.

Similarities between computer worms and Trojan horse viruses

While they are two distinct types of malware that use different methods, worms and Trojans do have their similarities.

  • Malicious intent – both are designed to cause harm.
  • Damage potential – both can lead to data theft and damage.
  • Exploitation of vulnerabilities – both exploit software and vulnerabilities.
  • System resource of impact – both slow down systems.
  • Can be used for remote control – both can allow attackers to remotely control a device.
  • Infiltration – both can enter systems through phishing and downloads.
  • Association with other malware – both can work in tandem with other types of malware.
  • Prevention – both can be blocked and prevented by proper security practices.
  • Need for security awareness – both can be identified through proper security vigilance.

Examples of worm attacks

ILOVEYOU (2000)

One of the most famous examples of a worm, the ILOVEYOU worm spread via email attachments, infecting millions of computers across the globe. It resulted in widespread data loss and billions of dollars in damages.

Code Red (2001)

The Code Red worm exploited a Microsoft vulnerability, infecting over 300,000 servers in just 14 hours. Its rapid spread significantly impeded internet traffic.

Mydoom (2004)

The fastest-spreading email worm, Mydoom infected millions of systems worldwide. Its effects included opening backdoors for remote access and initiating distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks.

Examples of Trojan attacks

Zeus Trojan (2007)

The Zeus Trojan targeted banking information by logging keystrokes and stealing passwords. It infected thousands of computers, leading millions of dollars in financial losses.

Emotet Trojan (2014)

Initially a banking Trojan, Emotet evolved into a highly destructive malware that spread rapidly through phishing, stealing sensitive data and installing other malware.

CryptoLocker Trojan (2013)

The CryptoLocker Trojan encrypted users’ files and demanded ransom payments in exchange for decryption keys, leading to widespread financial loss and compromised data.

Prevention and security measures

Being proactive with your cybersecurity can help to prevent malware such as worms and Trojans from gaining access to your devices. Here are some recommended steps you can follow to significantly reduce the risk of a malware infiltration.

Always use unique passwords

Ensure all accounts and systems use strong, unique passwords to minimize the risk of unauthorized access.

Keep software and operating systems up to date

Stay on top of updates, as they will patch any existing vulnerabilities that worms and Trojans often exploit.

Use Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)

These tools can help to monitor your network and block suspicious traffic, preventing worms and Trojans from gaining access to your system.

Increase your awareness and use filters

Being able to recognize phishing attempts and filtering your emails can help to prevent you falling victim to malicious attachments and links.

Network segmentation

Separating networks can prevent worms from spreading freely between them if one system is compromised.

Using Trojan scanner tools

Use a reliable Trojan scanner to regularly check for malware infections. Consider using our free Trojan scanner and removal tool to help detect and remove any malicious software.

All malware great and small

An easy way to remember the difference between worms and Trojans are that worms can crawl on their own – Trojan horses need to be pushed. Similarly, worm viruses can move and replicate independently, whereas Trojan horses need user interaction in order to spread. 
By staying vigilant and employing robust security measures, you can keep any and all malware at bay. Don’t wait until it’s too late – protect your system today by staying informed and using the right tools.

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What is Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) and How to Fix It

Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)

We’ve all felt our stomachs drop in dread as soon as our computer screen turns that all-too-familiar shade of blue.

But what is the formidable Blue Screen of Death (usually abbreviated to BSOD) on Windows devices, why does it happen, and how can we fix it?

What does the Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) mean?   

The “Blue Screen of Death” (BSOD) is the famous error screen that is displayed by a Microsoft Windows operating system when it encounters a critical error from which it cannot recover. It’s not an application crash – it’s a full system failure.

Sometimes you’ll find the Blue Screen of Death referred to as a stop error screen, blue error screen, fatal error, or bugcheck.

When the BSOD appears, it means the error is so severe that the operating system needs to be recovered. At this point, the computer will come to a complete halt and will be useless until it is rebooted.

When was the BSOD first introduced?

The first Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) actually appeared in Windows 1.0, which was released in November 1985. However, the BSOD as it is commonly recognized today became more prominent with the release of Windows 3.0 in 1990.

Windows 3.0 was the first version where the BSOD was used as a mechanism to handle critical system errors, specifically those related to memory management and other severe system failures. It was a preventative measure that was designed to protect the computer against critical hardware failure. The Windows 3.0 version of the BSOD was a text-based screen that provided technical information about the error and helped users or technicians could use to diagnose the problem.

The BSOD became more widely known and infamous with later versions of Windows, particularly Windows 95 and Windows 98, where it became a regular occurrence for many users. The term “Blue Screen of Death” itself became popular around this time, reflecting the disruption these errors caused.

The messaging and overall aesthetic of the BSOD has become softer and friendlier over the years, and from Windows 10 onwards, users have been provided with certain ‘stop codes’ and/or QR codes that can provide more information on the error with a simple lookup in Windows Support. But it has always meant the same thing: it’s time to restart!

BSODs are particularly frustrating because they usually crop up without any warning whatsoever. You’re unlikely to see them coming – but they will almost certainly bring whatever you were working on to a hard stop!

What causes the Blue Screen of Death?

There are several issues with the computer’s software or hardware that can trigger the Blue Screen of Death. Let’s look into these in some more detail.

Hardware failures          

A physical problem with your Windows device could prompt it to stop running safely.

Faulty memory (RAM): Broken, corrupt or insufficient RAM modules can cause system instability, resulting in the system ceasing to function until it can correct these issues.

Failing hard drive or SSD: Bad sectors or other issues with storage devices can cause data corruption and trigger a BSOD.

Disk error: If the file system becomes corrupted, it can cause data access issues that lead to a BSOD. Physical damage or wear on a hard drive can result in bad sectors, causing the system to crash when trying to read or write to these areas.

CPU processor error: Overclocking the CPU – ie, increasing the speed at which your hardware components work to perform their calculations – might increase performance temporarily, but lead to a BSOD if the system can’t cope with these new demands.

Power supply issues: If the power supply unit (PSU) is failing or unable to provide sufficient power to the components, the system might not be able to start up properly.

Overheating: If the CPU, GPU, or other components overheat, the system may shut down to prevent damage, resulting in a BSOD.

Graphics processing unit (GPU) malfunctions: The problem could be associated with graphics card; perhaps the driver is out of date, hasn’t been updated correctly, or is incompatible with the system. Overclocked GPUs can also lead you straight to the blue screen scenario.

Hardware usage exceeding limits: Installing new hardware that is incompatible with the system, has been improperly installed, or is just not able to cope with what’s required from the device might trigger a BSOD.

Motherboard BIOS bugs: Running outdated firmware on the motherboard can cause compatibility issues with hardware or operating system updates. Similarly, incorrect BIOS/UEFI settings (for example, incorrect memory timings or voltage settings) might also be to blame.

Defective fans: Make sure the system is free from dust, adequately ventilated and can cool itself without any problems, otherwise a BSOD could be just around the corner.

Software conflicts

These are common causes of Blue Screens of Death, particularly when it comes to:

Incompatible software: Programs that are not compatible with the operating system can cause conflicts. If you find that BSODs keep taking place after new software has been installed, undo the change to see if this stops them from happening.

Malware or viruses: Malicious software can corrupt system files or interfere with critical processes, and both of these issues can overwhelm the OS, resulting in a complete shutdown.

Bugs in the operating system kernel: These can lead to vulnerabilities or corrupted file systems, resulting in a kernel panic that prompts the BSOD.

Conflicting third-party software updates: Security software or firewalls can cause conflicts with the operating system, and any software that modifies system settings or registry entries can contribute to BSODs, too.  

Incompatible drivers: Drivers need to be up to date with the computer’s version of Windows. You also need to stay on top of patches and updates to the operating system if you want to avoid the BSOD.

Corrupted system files: Files that have been affected by improper shutdowns or failed updates can lead to a BSOD.

Common BSOD Windows stop codes

Blue Screen of Death stop codes, also known as bug check codes or stop error codes, are hexadecimal codes that indicate the specific error that caused the system to crash.

Each stop code corresponds to a particular issue, such as hardware failures, driver problems, or system file corruption. Understanding these codes can help diagnose and fix the underlying problem.

There are 270 stop codes in total, and most of them are extremely rare. Here’s a quick introduction to the ten codes that Windows users encounter the most:

KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED

This stop code indicates that a kernel-mode program generated an exception that the error handler didn’t catch. Check faulty drivers, incompatible hardware, or issues with system services.

NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM

This relates to the NTFS file system and usually indicates a problem with the hard drive or SSD, which could be caused by corruption, bad sectors, or issues with disk controllers.

DATA_BUS_ERROR

This is down to a fault with the system’s data bus. The most common cause of a DATA_BUS_ERROR (but not the only one!) is defective RAM. If the memory modules have physical defects or are not functioning correctly, they may cause data corruption.

IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

This error usually occurs when a kernel-mode driver, system service, or hardware device tries to access memory with inadequate permissions. Faulty drivers, incompatible hardware, or corrupted system files are usually the culprits.

PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA

This code appears when the system attempts to access a page of memory that is not present due to faulty RAM, driver issues, or corrupt system files.

CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED

As its name suggests, this error occurs when a critical system process fails, causing the system to crash and display a blue screen.

SYSTEM_THREAD_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED

This stop code means that a system thread generated an exception that the error handler didn’t catch, usually because of incompatible or faulty drivers, hardware issues, or system service errors.

VIDEO_TDR_TIMEOUT_DETECTED

This occurs when the graphics driver fails to respond within a specified time, causing Windows to reset the graphics card to recover from the unresponsive state. It’s most frequently caused by driver issues, hardware failures, or an overworked GPU.

SYSTEM_SERVICE_EXCEPTION

This error indicates that an exception occurred while executing a system service routine. Turn your attention to any corrupted system files, driver conflicts, or hardware issues that might be the root of the problem.

DPC_WATCHDOG_VIOLATION

In this instance, the Windows DPC (Deferred Procedure Call) watchdog detects a prolonged or stuck DPC routine. It’s often caused by incompatible drivers, SSD firmware issues, or hardware conflicts, particularly those related to storage devices.

How to fix the Blue Screen of Death

Getting a Blue Screen of Death isn’t great news for your device, particularly if your BSODs are happening on a regular basis – but it’s not always the end of the world.

Follow the 10 steps below to uncover the problem and getting your system functioning correctly. (Make sure you write down the stop code, too, as this could help you reach a diagnosis faster.)

  1. Restart your computer

A simple restart can sometimes resolve temporary issues. Hold down the power button and wait for your device to reboot.

  • Boot into Safe Mode

Restart the computer and press F8 (or Shift + F8) during the boot process to access the Advanced Boot Options.

From there, select “Safe Mode.” This will start Windows with minimal drivers and can help you diagnose if the issue is driver- or software-related.

  • Update drivers

In Safe Mode, open “Device Manager” (Win + X > “Device Manager”).

Look for any devices with a yellow triangle – which indicates an issue – and update those drivers by right-clicking and selecting “Update driver.” This should resolve any conflicts with outdated or incompatible drivers.

  • Run a Windows update

Go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update and click “Check for updates.”

Installing the latest updates at regular intervals can fix known bugs and compatibility issues, and help to keep BSODs to a minimum.

  • Check for malware

Malware can corrupt system files.Run a full system scan using your preferred trusted antivirus program to see if there are any unwanted files that could be wreaking havoc.

  • Run System File Checker (SFC)

This tool checks for and repairs corrupted system files.

Go to Troubleshoot, then Advanced Options, then select Command Prompt from the list. Alternatively, open Command Prompt as an administrator (Win + X > “Command Prompt (Admin)”).

Type sfc /scannow and press Enter.

  • Check the hard drive for errors

This simple job could have a huge impact on the smooth-running of your system.

In Command Prompt, type chkdsk /f /r and press Enter. You may need to restart the computer.

  • Undo Recent Changes

If the BSOD started after installing new software or hardware, uninstall the source of the issue by heading over to Control Panel > Programs and Features. You may need to wait until a newer version of the program or driver is available until it functions correctly.

  • Use System Restore

Go to Control Panel > Recovery > Open System Restore and choose a restore point before the BSOD started. This might help to identify where the issue began.

  1. Reset or Reinstall Windows

If all else fails and you’re still experiencing persistent issues, go to Settings > Update & Security > Recovery > “Reset this PC,” and choose to keep or remove your files.

If you’ve actioned all the above advice and you’re still getting BSODs, chances are you’re facing a hardware failure, and you’ll need to speak to a professional technician for further guidance.

Does a Blue Screen of Death mean your computer has a virus?

Experiencing a BSOD doesn’t necessarily mean the computer has picked up a virus, but it’s always worth running a scanner to see if any infected malware programs can be removed.

SUPERAntiSpyware’s Professional X Edition is a powerful tool that can detect and remove more than a billion malicious threats to your system. From malware and spyware to trojans, worms, ransomware, parasites, keyloggers and more, our software will seek out any and all of the intrusive files that might be contributing to Blue Screen of Death errors and get rid of them for good.

Professional X Edition can also fix the parts of the OS, registry, and task manager that were previously damaged by malware, saving you the hassle of correcting these issues one by one.

How to change how Windows manages Blue Screen of Death

You can adjust your Windows settings to control how the operating system responds to critical errors, and how much information Windows provides you on what went wrong.

  • Adjust recovery settings

Find the System Properties setting in the Advanced System Settings window.

Under the Advanced tab, find the section labeled Startup and Recovery and click Settings.

Look under the System failure section.

Uncheck Automatically restart if you want Windows to stop restarting automatically after a BSOD. This allows you to see the error message on the BSOD.

  • Change system failure options

Changing the system failure options will allow you to control how much information is saved following a BSOD.

From the drop-down menu labeled Write debugging information, you can choose what kind of memory dump Windows should create when it encounters a BSOD:

  • Small memory dump (256 KB): This stores minimal information and is helpful for diagnosing simple errors.
  • Kernel memory dump: This captures the kernel memory at the time of the crash, so is useful for more detailed analysis.
  • Complete memory dump: This records all memory at the time of the crash, resulting in a large dataset.
  • None: No memory dump is created.

How to prevent BSOD from returning        

Not all Blue Screen of Death fixes are straightforward, and many of them can’t be prevented.

But you can reduce the risk of a BSOD occurring in the first place by following these simple steps:

Keep windows updated: Regularly check for and install Windows updates via Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update. Updates often include patches for bugs and security vulnerabilities that could cause system instabilities.

Update device drivers: As mentioned, outdated or incompatible drivers are a common cause of BSODs. Use Device Manager to update drivers, especially for critical components like graphics cards, network adapters, and storage controllers.

Maintain your system regularly: Clean up temporary files, defragment your hard drive (if you’re using HDD), and make good use of built-in tools like Disk Cleanup and Defragment and Optimize Drives. This will help to prevent performance issues.

Utilize antivirus and antimalware tools: Run regular scans with the virus checker of your choice to help prevent infections.

Conduct regular disk maintenance: Use the chkdsk command in Command Prompt to check and repair file system errors on your drives (chkdsk /f /r).

Perform memory checks: Find out if issues with your RAM are causing your BSOD.

Avoid overclocking: Running components at their rated speeds reduces the risk of system instabilities. Consider returning to the default settings on your CPU, GPU or RAM if you notice you’re consistently overclocking them.

Ensure adequate hardware cooling: Overheating can cause hardware failures that lead to BSODs, so keeping components cool with proper ventilation is essential. Use hardware monitoring tools to keep a close eye on your CPU, GPU, and other components’ temperatures.

Use reliable hardware: Make sure that any connected peripherals, such as printers and external drives, are compatible with your system and have up-to-date drivers.

Be mindful with software installations: Only install software from trusted sources and avoid using pirated or cracked software.

Monitor your system logs: Use Event Viewer (eventvwr) to find any errors or warning signs that might signal an impending BSOD. Detecting problems early can help to prevent critical failures.

You’re ready to deal with BSOD issues!

By now, you’ll have everything you need to tackle the Blue Screen of Death head-on.

While it’s important to understand how to react to critical system errors when they arise, prevention is better than cure when it comes to keeping BSODs at bay.

Installing SUPERAntiSpyware on your device will support you in your quest to keep your Windows device free from viruses and performing at its best. Download our Free Edition to get started.

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What is a digital footprint?

Digital footprints

Did you know that every interaction you have online can shape the way you’re perceived on the web?

You’ve likely spent years creating your online identity, without even knowing it.

While it’s important for most of us to have a digital presence, our digital footprint can reveal a lot about our lives – and in some cases, perhaps a little too much.

Here, we discuss the different types of digital footprints, why they are important, and how to check and protect your online reputation to make sure you’re giving off the best impression and keeping your private information out of the public domain.

Defining a digital footprint           

What do we mean when we use the term ‘digital footprint’?

Essentially, your digital footprint refers to the trail of data that you create while using the internet.

It includes all the information you leave behind – either intentionally or unintentionally, actively or passively – every time you engage with websites and apps. Much of this data is gleaned from public social media profiles; if you’re active on sites like Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and LinkedIn, and your account isn’t set to private, all your activity will be easily discoverable by anyone who is interested in finding it.

As you can imagine, your digital footprint can reveal a lot about your habits, preferences, location, and relationships. Leaving this information out to public scrutiny isn’t always a bad thing in itself – but unfortunately it can be used by companies for targeted advertising and even used to facilitate privacy breaches. So, it’s a good idea to be conscious of what you’re putting out there, how your digital footprint can affect how you’re being perceived and the experience you’re receiving online, and how it might be used against you.

What are the different types of digital footprints?         

There are four types of digital footprints that the average web user needs to be aware of:

Active digital footprints

Your active digital footprint consists of all the data you intentionally share online. This information is both visible and traceable, but you can control how you engage with online communities and decide to only share what you’re comfortable with.

A typical active digital footprint might include:

  • Posts, likes, comments and shares on social media
  • Comments on forums, blog posts, news articles and YouTube videos
  • Emails, including attachments and signatures, specifically if you’re using web-based email services like Gmail, Yahoo or Outlook
  • Information submitted via online forms
  • Information you’ve shared on your own website or within your own digital portfolio, which likely includes your direct contact details
  • Reviews you’ve left on platforms like Amazon, TripAdvisor, and Google Reviews
  • Information you’ve provided when signing up for online accounts with, for example, Netflix or Spotify
  • Information you’ve submitted in online surveys and quizzes
  • Contributions you’ve made to collaborative websites like Wikipedia, GitHub, or Udemy
  • Content you’ve sent through instant messaging apps, including WhatsApp and Telegram
  • Questions and responses you’ve posted on boards in communities like Reddit or Quora
  • Files you’ve uploaded to cloud services like Dropbox, iCloud or Google Drive
  • Petitions you’ve signed
  • Cookies that you’ve agreed to install on your devices

Passive digital footprints           

The data generated by your passive digital footprint is often a byproduct of the things you’ve been doing online. This information is not created mindfully, but nonetheless, it’s used by service providers and marketers to analyse your behavior and serve you targeted ads. It often consists of things like:

  • Your browsing history, including the websites you’ve visited, the pages you’ve viewed, how you’ve interacted with them, and how long you’ve stayed on each page (usually collected through cookies, tracking scripts, and tracking pixels)
  • Your IP address, which is logged by websites, servers and online services every time you connect to the web
  • Your search engine queries
  • Your app usage data
  • Your location data
  • Your shopping cart data
  • Information about your device, including its model, operating system, browser type, screen resolution, and MAC address or IMEI number
  • Information about the Bluetooth and Wi-Fi networks you have connected to
  • Logs of your online activity, including login/logout times and errors
  • Timestamps and geotags from social media websites
  • Email tracking data
  • Streaming data

Anonymous digital footprints

These footprints consist of actions that aren’t directly tied to your personal identity, but still contribute to your online profile. Even when you’re visiting a website in incognito mode or using a pseudonym, your activity is never truly private – metadata can still be collected and linked to your activity pattern.

Examples of the data points often found in anonymous online footprints are:

  • Your IP address (without any personal information, if you’ve requested that the data remains anonymous in your settings)
  • Data on your browser type, operating system etc that’s been collected by the websites you’ve visited
  • Cookie data
  • User experience data, such as your page engagement and navigation behaviors
  • Ad tracking and targeting data
  • Incognito browsing histories
  • So-called ‘anonymous’ search queries
  • Anonymous feedback and surveys
  • Anonymous social media interactions
  • Activity carried out on the Tor network, which is typically anonymized by being routed through multiple servers
  • Interactions with blockchain networks
  • VPN usage

Pseudonymous digital footprints     

These are digital traces linked to an alias rather than a real identity. For instance, if you’re a blogger, you might decide to write under a pen name. By doing so, you’ll be creating a pseudonymous footprint.

While this approach can offer some privacy, sophisticated tracking techniques can sometimes link pseudonyms to real people, particularly when combined with other data points. The bottom line is, you might think you’re beating the system, but you’ll never be truly anonymous!

Some examples of pseudonymous data points include:

  • Aliases and usernames
  • Email addresses without your real name
  • Anonymous posts on forums
  • Pseudonymous names or handles on social media
  • Pseudonymous ecommerce accounts (with the likes of eBay and Etsy)
  • Online gaming profile tags
  • Cryptocurrency wallets
  • Contributions to open-source projects
  • Contributions to crowdfunding projects

Why is your digital footprint important?

As we mentioned earlier, your digital footprint reveals a lot about you. It’s a reflection of your entire journey online – and it’s out there for anyone to see, meaning that, unfortunately, it can be exploited.

It’s permanent

The information your digital footprint holds will help other people shape a view on who you are, how you behave, and what you value. Old media from decades ago can be found, analysed, potentially misinterpreted, and used to create a profile of you that might not be entirely accurate. Even content that you thought was long deleted can often resurface, which is why it’s so essential to be careful about what you share on the web.

It can help determine your reputation – both online and offline

If you once expressed a controversial opinion on Facebook, made an inappropriate joke to a friend on Twitter, or berated somebody in a forum, these seemingly off-the-cuff comments can still be unearthed, affecting your credibility. You might have evolved since then, but your character can still be tarnished by what went on before.

It helps employers and officials with their vetting processes

Statistics show that more than three quarters of employers google their prospective hires during recruitment drives, so whatever you are associated with online could have a bearing on the opportunities you’re offered. Plus, colleges, universities, security companies, police departments and even government representatives may be inclined to examine your digital footprint to better understand your public profile.

You might be wondering how employers and officials can access and analyze your digital footprint without spending days trawling through your data. Well, the truth is, there are lots of background checking tools available, including:

Maigret, an open-source intelligence (OSINT) platformwhich helps companies find accounts and websites that are associated with a particular username.

MOSINT, another OSINT tool that gathers information associated with a specific email address.

Nexfil, which enables employers to find profiles allocated to particular usernames.

It might threaten your personal safety

Companies and cybercriminals can use the data in your digital footprint to learn more about you and use this information for their own gain.

Perhaps they’ll simply use this data to serve up more relevant advertisements to you while you’re browsing – or maybe they’ll use your data to develop a convincing spear-phishing attack or release sensitive information about you without your consent (something which is known as doxing). Be aware that, if there’s lots of information about you in the digital ether, there’s a chance that somebody, somewhere will try to use it to their advantage. 

Digital footprint examples        

We’ve touched on a few examples – but let’s take a closer look at what actually makes up your digital footprint and delve into the kinds of data points that are going to leave a lasting impression online.

Social media

  • Logins from any device, including your mobile phone
  • Connecting with friends – for example, accepting a friend request on Facebook
  • The content you share with your friends and followers
  • Logging into third party websites using your social media account details
  • Joining a dating site or app

Online shopping data

  • Making online purchases
  • Creating an account with an online retailer
  • Signing up for coupons
  • Registering for newsletters from retailers
  • Browsing and making purchases via shopping apps

Online banking

  • Using a mobile or browser-based banking app
  • Submitting an application for a new credit card
  • Buying or selling stocks
  • Subscribing to financial content (blogs and online magazines)

Reading the news

  • Browsing articles on a news app
  • Subscribing to an online news outlet
  • Signing up for a newsletter
  • Reposting news articles on forums or social profiles

Health and fitness

  • Using fitness trackers
  • Using calorie counting or recipe apps
  • Using healthcare apps
  • Registering your contact information with a gym or sports center

There are a whole host of other elements that will be recorded when you’re actively using the internet. Your IP address will be noted, the browsers you’re using (and some of their settings) will be tracked, and there will be information available on every online form you complete.

How to check your digital footprint

Interested to see what your digital footprint looks like? There are several ways you can check in on your activity and get a better feel for your online reputation:

Search for your name on search engines

Open a search engine like Google, Bing, or DuckDuckGo, then enter your full name in quotation marks (e.g., “John Doe”) to search for exact matches. You should also try variations of your name – including nicknames, middle names, or any professional aliases you use – to see if these data points have been indexed, too.

Keep an eye out for personal information about yourself, any publicly accessible social media profiles that you’ve made, any mentions in news articles or publications, and links to online content you’ve created. You can also use reverse image search tools to see where your profile picture appears online.

Check aggregated websites

Visit websites that aggregate personal information, such as Whitepages, Spokeo, MyLife, or Pipl. Search for your name, email address, or phone number on these sites, and review the information that’s returned, which will likely include your contact details, addresses, social profiles, and any other public records.

These aggregator websites often have their own processes for removing or opting out of listings. Look for an opt-out link, which is usually found in the site’s privacy policy or help section. From there, follow the instructions to remove or hide your information from public view. This might involve submitting a request or verifying your identity.

Set up Google Alerts for your name

Go to Google Alerts. In the search box, enter your name in quotation marks (e.g., “John Doe”) to track exact matches. You can customize the alert by choosing how often you want to receive notifications, the sources you’re interested in (news, blogs, web), and the language and region. Finally, enter your email address to receive alerts and click “Create Alert.” You should start receiving round-up emails straightaway.

This will keep you across any new mentions that might have a damaging impact on your reputation. Reviewing your Google Alerts may also help you spot opportunities to correct any misinformation or thank authors for positive coverage of you.

Review your old social media activity

There’s no fast way to do this. You’ll need to log into each of your social media accounts individually and review your profile information, photos, posts and interactions to make sure there’s nothing housed on these sites that could be held against you (or give away too much information about you). Most of these platforms have search and/or activity log features that enable you to review all your past actions.

How to protect your digital footprint         

If all this talk of your online footprint is making you uncomfortable, don’t worry – there are plenty of things you can do to safeguard your digital reputation and protect your sensitive information.

Be mindful sharing of personal data online

The less you share, the harder it is for cybercriminals to analyse your digital footprint, and the better reputation you’ll have overall. Remove references to your personal phone number and email address and take a breath before posting anything that could be perceived in a negative light in the future; it might come back to haunt you.

Use strong, unique passwords and utilise a password manager

This should be common practice, but it’s easy to resort back to familiar passwords, most of which are easily compromised through hacking. To keep attackers at bay, use complex pass phrases that combine letters, numbers and symbols, and don’t be tempted to use easily guessed information like birthdays or names. Using a reputable password manager will help you generate and store passwords for each account.

Use two-factor authentication (2FA) where possible

Activate 2FA on your accounts to add an extra layer of security. This usually involves a secondary verification step, such as a code sent to your phone, in addition to your password.

Delete old accounts

Regularly audit your online accounts and close any that you no longer use. This will reduce the number of places where your data is stored, and in turn lower the risk of breaches.

Regularly review social media privacy settings

Take back as much control over your social visibility as you can! Check to make sure your profiles and their contents are not visible to the public and learn how to maximise the privacy settings on each site. 

Avoid logging in with Facebook

Sidestep potential security risks by finding another way to access third-party sites that request you login using your Facebook credentials. You don’t need to be sharing your social media sign-in data unnecessarily.

Frequently update your software

Outdated software typically contains a ton of data points that could be more easily accessed by cybercriminals. Make sure everything you use is updated regularly so it’s running the latest security patches.

Use security software

Cybersecurity threats come in all shapes and forms, so you need to install a high-grade anti-virus solution across all your devices that can stop any intruders in their tracks. SUPERAntiSpyware’s Professional X Edition package protects every PC against malware, spyware, trojan attempts, keyloggers, and much more. It also quarantines any potential files and deletes them securely, if required.

Review your mobile apps

The last thing you want to do is review all those lengthy terms and conditions – but take a moment to read each app’s user agreement so you know precisely what you’re signing up for and how your data might be used by the app’s creators. If it turns out they’re mining personal information, you may want to find an alternative that doesn’t store data on, for example, your location or your online activities.

Use a VPN

A virtual private network (VPN) masks your IP address and encrypts your internet connection, making it more difficult for third parties to track your online activities. Choose a reputable VPN service and activate it whenever you’re browsing the internet, especially on public or unsecured networks.

Who can see my digital footprint?  

Remember, it’s not just you who can see your online footprint. Your web profile is visible to:

  • Employers
  • Schools
  • Colleges
  • Hackers
  • Peers
  • Internet providers
  • Phone companies
  • Advertisers
  • Law enforcement
  • Data brokers

This is why you need to:

  • Understand how data about you is collected online, whether actively or passively
  • Take steps to minimize the personal information you share online
  • Protect your data as far as you can, using the methods listed earlier
  • Regularly review your digital footprint and remove any references or content that could affect your reputation
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How to wipe a hard drive

Using a drill to destroy a hard disk drive

If you’re selling your computer on and want to get rid of your files for privacy reasons – or simply want to erase everything on the system and start afresh – you’ll need to wipe your hard drive completely clean.

When you delete a file in the usual way, the operating system removes the reference to the file from the file system’s index, so it’s not easily discoverable. However, the data itself remains on the hard drive until it’s overwritten by new data. Deleted files can often be recovered using specialized software because the actual data still exists on the disk. Wiping a hard drive goes a step further by overwriting the entire drive’s data with zeros, ones, or random data multiple times. This process ensures that the original data is irretrievable, even with advanced recovery tools, making it a much more effective way to get rid of anything you don’t want others to see.

Wiping can be done on individual files, partitions, or the entire drive, depending on the method used. The process is slightly different on Windows and Mac devices, too.

Read on to discover when it’s appropriate to wipe a hard drive, the steps you need to follow to get rid of your files forever, and some of the third-party tools that can support you along the way. 

When should I wipe a hard drive? 

There are several instances where it makes sense to wipe your hard drive:

When replacing an old computer

Ready to swap your device for a new one? When you’re selling or donating your computer, you don’t want the new owner to access your personal data, including your files, emails, photos, or saved passwords. Wiping the hard drive ensures that all your personal information is completely removed, preventing potential identity theft or data breaches.

When replacing a damaged hard drive

Broken hard drives aren’t much use, but they can still be harbouring some of your personal data. Make sure none of it is recoverable by wiping the drive regardless of its condition.

When upgrading to an SSD

Keen to invest in a better performing hard drive? It’s best to perform a hard disk wipe after you’ve migrated all your data to your new solid-state drive (SSD).

Refreshing an old hard drive

Sometimes, a computer can become sluggish or cluttered with unnecessary files, software, and configurations. If you’re experiencing significant performance issues or want to start fresh without any old data, wiping the drive before you reinstall the operating system can help.

Preparing to wipe your hard drive

Before you commit to the wipe process, we would recommend backing up any critical files. You can copy important files, documents, photos, and other data to an external hard drive or USB flash drive – or alternatively, you can use services like Google Drive, Dropbox, or OneDrive for secure file storage in the cloud.

You could consider creating a full system image or clone of your hard drive if you decide you want to restore your system to its current state later.

You might also want to:

  • Deauthorize accounts and software, so these licenses are no longer tied to a specific computer
  • Note down product keys and serial numbers, particularly if you’re planning to reinstall software
  • Sign out of accounts you were using on that specific device, and clear any saved passwords
  • Disconnect any external hardware
  • Make sure you’ve got the correct drivers on hand for reinstalling the OS
  • Tell other users of the same computer that the data will soon be wiped, and encourage them to back up their own data

How to wipe a hard drive on Mac      

The method you use for wiping your MacOS will depend on the type of Mac you have. You can find out what you’re working with by clicking the Apple menu in the top left of the screen and heading over to About This Mac.

Devices with a silicon chip       

If you use a Mac that was manufactured after 2020, it will likely contain Apple silicon chips, aka M1, M2 or M3 processors. You can wipe the hard drive by:

  • Going to System Settings
  • Clicking on General, then Transfer or Reset
  • Clicking Erase All Content and Settings

From there, follow the on-screen instructions to complete the wipe. The Mac will restart and reactivate, and you’ll be ready to go.

Devices with Intel processors

For Macs that were produced prior to 2020, you’ll need to follow the process to suit its Intel processor. You can use the Disk Utility function to delete the hard drive by:

  • Shutting down the computer and rebooting it
  • Holding the Command + R keys during the reboot until the Apple logo appears
  • Entering your password if required
  • Selecting Disk Utility in the Utilities window, then clicking Continue
  • Selecting Macintosh HD (or the name you gave to your hard drive, if you’ve customized it)
  • Clicking Erase in the toolbar
  • Confirming the hard drive name
  • Selecting APFS under the Format menu, and clicking Erase

Devices with an SSD        

SSD drives aren’t as simple to wipe. For the best results, you’ll need to encrypt your files before you get rid of them, otherwise they might still be accessible.

  1. Go to System Preferences
  2. Click Security & Privacy and select FileVault
  3. Enable FileVault; this will encrypt your hard drive. It might take a few hours. Make a note of the password that’s given to you, as you’ll need it later
  4. When the encryption is complete, reboot your Mac and hold down the Command + R keys during startup
  5. Go to Desk Utility in the Utilities Window
  6. Choose the correct SSD drive from the sidebar, select Unlock from the File menu, and enter the password you received earlier
  7. Click Erase in the toolbar
  8. Confirm the hard drive name
  9. Select APFS under the Format menu, and click Erase
  10. Enter your AppleID in the popup window, if you need to

How to wipe an external drive with a Mac

Wiping an external MacOS hard drive is a breeze.

  1. Go to Applications
  2. Double click Disk Utility in the Utilities folder
  3. Click View, then Show All Devices
  4. Select your external hard drive from the External menu
  5. Click Erase in the toolbar
  6. Confirm the hard drive name
  7. Select APFS under the Format menu, and click Erase
  8. Enter your AppleID in the popup window, if you need to

How to wipe a hard drive on Windows      

Once you’ve backed up all your data, the best practice is to create a recovery drive so you can reinstall Windows on your new machine. To do this, you’ll need to:

  1. Go to Recovery Drive
  2. Click Yes to allow the Recovery Media Creator function to make changes to your device
  3. Check the box Back up system to the recovery drive, and click Next
  4. Connect your external drive to your device via USB
  5. Click Next, then click Create

Next, you’ll need to restart your PC in Recovery Mode. To do this:

  1. Insert the Windows installation USB drive into your computer
  2. Restart your computer and boot from the USB drive. You may need to press a specific key (like F2, F12, ESC, or DEL) to access the boot menu, depending on your computer’s manufacturer
  3. Select the USB drive from the boot menu and press Enter

Then, it’s time to wipe the hard drive:

  1. After booting from the USB drive, the Windows Setup screen will appear
  2. Select your language, time, and keyboard preferences, then click Next
  3. Click Install now
  4. Enter your product key (if required) or select I don’t have a product key
  5. Accept the license terms and click Next
  6. Choose Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)
  7. Select the drive or partition you want to wipe
  8. Click on each partition on the drive and select Delete
  9. Select the unallocated space and click Next. This will automatically create new partitions and begin the Windows installation

Windows will now install itself onto the clean drive. The process may take some time, and your computer will restart several times during the installation. From here, you’ll need to follow the on-screen prompts to set up Windows, configure user accounts and preferences, and connect to the internet.

How to wipe an external drive on Windows            

You can use several third-party tools to wipe the hard drive on a Windows device, but it’s often easiest to use the Disk Management feature by following these instructions:

  1. Connect your external hard drive to the computer
  2. Press the Windows key + X
  3. Select Disk Management from the popup window
  4. Go to the Volume column and right-click the external drive
  5. Select Format, and click Yes in the next window
  6. Uncheck the box called Perform a quick format in the Format D: window and click OK, then OK again to start the disk wipe

How to wipe an SSD

Solid-state drives are generally much faster and more efficient than their hard disk equivalents, but they are harder to wipe. To make sure every last piece of your data has been deleted, we recommend wiping an SSD with either:

The Basic Input-Output System (BIOS)

You can use the in-built utilities of your SSD’s firmware to erase all data from the drive and make sure it’s unrecoverable. The feature to look for is Secure Erase; you’ll need to access this via the system’s BIOS settings (or UEFI settings if you’re working with the more modern equivalent).

If your BIOS/UEFI does not have a Secure Erase option, you’ll need to use the SSD manufacturer’s software, which often includes a bootable tool for this.

Manufacturer software

You’ll need to download the correct utility from your SSD brand. You can usually find the manufacturer information by checking the SSD model in your system settings or by physically inspecting the drive. Some common tools include Intel SSD Toolbox, SanDisk SSD Dashboard, and Samsung Magician.

Download and install the software to get started – and, as always, make sure you’ve backed your data up before you start the wipe process.

Third-party software

Some third-party options are more user-friendly than the utilities available straight from the manufacturers – and they’re just as secure. Some are free, whereas some require payment. Try CCleaner, Parted Magic, Eraser, or GParted.

How to physically wipe a hard drive on a dead computer that won’t turn on     

These may seem like drastic measures, but they’re some of the only foolproof ways to destroy the drive platter on a device that won’t start up.

To start: Disassemble the hard drive

Take apart your hard disk’s components with a screwdriver before destroying it using any of the methods listed below.

Drill holes in the hard drive

Drill a series of holes across the entire piece of hardware to make sure hackers can’t access the data in any undamaged components. You’ll need to be thorough, otherwise your data could still be at risk.

Use a powerful magnet to degauss the hard drive

Magnetic force will damage the hard disk beyond repair (although the same can’t be said for SSDs, which use electronic circuits instead of magnetic disks). Remove the magnetic field around the hard drive by waving a degaussing wand or other powerful magnet around it for around a minute. 

Send to an electronic disposal company for shredding

Contact a reputableprovider that will provide you with a quote for breaking your device into small pieces using industrial grade equipment. This will destroy the drive platters, mechanisms and electronic components beyond recognition. You’ll to make sure your shredding company disposes of or recycles the product responsibly.

Third-party tools that help to wipe a hard drive      

Designed to make the wiping process even easier, third-party software can make getting rid of your sensitive data quick and painless. Discover some of the most popular third-party hard drive wiping tools below and click on their names to download them. 

CCleaner: Though its primary purpose is freeing up space, CCleaner can also be used to wipe your hard drive totally clean. It’s compatible with all major operating systems, including Windows, MacOS and Android, and it’s one of the most intuitive tools of its kind.

DBAN: Otherwise known as Darin’s Boot and Nuke, DBAN is a recognised program that can be initiated from a USB or a CD. It uses an algorithm to overwrite the information on your hard disk drive many times. Please note, DBAN isn’t ideal for wiping SSDs. It’s also best suited to home use. And just a heads up – development for DBAN also stopped in 2015, so it hasn’t received any new bug fixes or support for a few years now.

Disk Wipe: Simple by name and simple in nature, this works in a similar way to DBAN. It’s a Windows-only tool and works on memory devices that are accessible and formatted with either NTFS, Fat, or Fat32.

Active KillDisk Freeware: This sanitization tool’s One Pass Zero method replaces all the data on your drive with zeros, so you can wave a permanent goodbye to everything that was stored on your device.It can be installed across Windows, MacOS and Linux, and it’s great for erasing multiple disks at the same time.

CBL Data Shredder: This overwrites your hard drive witha more complicated bit pattern, so the data cannot be recovered. It’s designed for Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10.

AOMEI Partition Assistant Standard: This tool’s Wipe Hard Drive feature will get rid of your data permanently. There’s also a lot more to this software than meets the eye; it offers a safe hard drive manager, a data migrator, a disk converter and a partition recovery feature, plus more.

ShredOS/Nwipe: This is a USB bootable distribution that works with all Intel 32 and 64 bit processors and erases the contents of a hard drive using the nwipe program.

Eraser: This is an advanced security tool for Windowsthat, at the time of writing, is supported under Windows XP (with Service Pack 3), Windows Server 2003 (with Service Pack 2), Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, 8, 10 and Windows Server 2012-2022.An added benefit of Eraser is, it also works with a customisable scheduler, so disk sweep tasks can be planned ahead of time and executed whenever suits you best.

A final piece of advice…

If a virus has corrupted your system and its data, you may need to perform a hard drive wipe to start from scratch. You’re much less likely to fall victim to a malicious attack (and have to deal with the fallout!) if you have robust anti-virus and anti-malware protection in place.

SUPERAntiSpyware’s Professional X Edition will stop threats in their tracks long before they have a chance to get to your sensitive information. With an AI-powered detection engine, real-time threat blocker automatic database updates and scheduled scanning, it’s a user-friendly and super convenient software that’s more affordable than you might expect.